What you need before starting

• A USB pendrive (at least 8GB recommended).

• Rufus software (free, download from official site).

• An ISO file of the operating system (Windows, Linux, etc.).
  
  

Steps

1. Download and Open Rufus

   • Go to rufus.ie and download the latest version.

   • Run it (no installation required).
     
     

2. Insert Your USB Pendrive

   • Plug in the USB drive.

   • Rufus will automatically detect it in the Device dropdown.
     
     

3. Select the ISO File

   • Under Boot selection, click on the Select button.

   • Browse and choose your ISO file (e.g., Windows 10 ISO).
     
     

4. Partition Scheme & Target System

   • Choose depending on your system:

     • MBR → for older BIOS or Legacy boot.

     • GPT → for modern UEFI systems.

   • Rufus usually suggests the correct option automatically.
     
     

5. File System

   • Leave it as NTFS (for Windows) or FAT32 (for Linux).

   • Keep Cluster size as default.
     
     

6. Start the Process

   • Click Start.

   • If asked, choose ISO Image mode (Recommended).

   • Rufus will warn you that all data on the USB will be erased → click OK.
     
     

7. Wait Until Completion

   • Rufus will copy files and make the drive bootable.

   • Progress bar will turn green → “READY”.
     
     

8. Eject and Use

   • Close Rufus.

   • Safely remove the USB.

   • Now you can use it to boot and install the OS.